LEAD MPEG-2 Encoder Also known as compressor, this is a module or algorithm to compress data. Playing that data back requires a decompressor, or decoder.compressor Also known as an encoder, this is a module or algorithm to compress data. Playing that data back requires a decompressor, or decoder., this is a module or algorithm to compress data. Playing that data back requires a decompressor, or decoder. (2.0)

The LEAD MPEG-2 Encoder Filter is a DirectShow filter for compressing video data using the MPEG-2 (ISO/IEC 13818-2) or MPEG-1 (ISO 11172-2) standard. The LEAD MPEG-2 Decoder Also known as a decompressor, this is a module or algorithm to decompress data. is a DirectShow filter for decompressing MPEG-2 video data.

MPEG-1 is the older standard and achieves higher compression than MPEG-2 (but at lower quality). MPEG-1 compression is used in VCD (video on CD).

MPEG-2 is the newer standard and has lower compression than MPEG-1 but the quality is much better than MPEG-1. MPEG-2 is a high quality video compression algorithm and is best suited for applications with higher bit rates or high-bandwidth usage. The most common applications include DVD-Videos, SVCD and digital TVs. The compressed video data can be stored inside MPEG, AVI, or Ogg files with the option of saving the file with or without the audio data.

The compression options for the LEAD MPEG-2 Encoder can be set manually through the encoder property page. The compression options can also be set programmatically using the ILMMPEG2Encoder interface.

Levels and Profiles

A MPEG-2 encoder capable of handling all resolutions, bit rates and frame rates up to HDTV would be too expensive for many simpler applications or hardware implementations. Therefore, the MPEG-2 standard was subdivided into levels and profiles. The MPEG-2 standard allows for four source formats, or Levels, to be coded; ranging from Limited Definition (todays VCR quality), to full HDTV, each with a range of bit rates. In addition to this flexibility in source formats, MPEG-2 allows for different Profiles. Each profile offers a collection of compression tools that together make up the coding system. A different profile means that a different set of compression tools is available. The four levels, including frame size and maximum bit rate, are defined in the following table:

Most of today's work is done at the Main Level, which is designated for standard video. Within this level, the Main profile is used for many applications. The MPEG-2 encoder will automatically adjust the level if the video being encoded is bigger than the maximum size for the current level.

I Frames and P Frames

To increase the compression performance, MPEG-2 uses Temporal Compression. Temporal compression is achieved by encoding only the difference between successive frames instead of the frames themselves. This means that frames cannot be considered in isolation. A given picture is constructed from the prediction from a previous picture, and may be used to predict the next picture. An MPEG-2 video stream The portion of the file holding the video data. The video data might be compressed to save disk space. The data has to be decompressed using a video decompressor before you can play (see) it. is comprised of I Frames, B Frames and P Frames:

• I: (Intraframe) frames. These are encoded without reference to another frame to allow for random access.
• P: (Predictive) frames are encoded using the previous I (or P) frame as reference. P frames are compressed more than I frames.
• B: (Bi-directional) frames are encoded using both previous and next I (or P) frames as reference and they are compressed more than both I, and P frames.

To increase the compression of MPEG-2, more B and P frames should be used. You do so by adjusting the "I Frame" and "P Frame" options on the Encoder property page:

• I Frame: represents the distance between I frames. All the frames between successive I frames are P or B frames.
• P Frame: represents the distance between P frames. All the frames between successive frames are B frames.

For example if I frame is 12, and P Frame is 3, then video stream looks like the following:

I B B P B B P B B P B B I B B P B B P B B P B B ..

The distance between I frames must be a multiple of the distance between the P frames. The LEAD MPEG-2 Encoder will automatically adjust these values to preserve this relationship.

LEAD MPEG-2 Encoder User Interface

This filter is included as part of the following modules:

LEAD MPEG-2 Video Codec Module