Detecting Registration Marks

When a user scans a form, perturbations or transformations are added to the image such as rotation, zooming, reduction, and translation (shifting in position). These effects make it difficult to identify the different parts of the form, complicating the detection and recognition phases.

Registration marks can be used to help identify and localize the different parts of the form. Registration marks are predefined shapes that are added to the original form in specific locations. These marks can then be used to identify the transformations or deformation added to the original form, and then to correct a scanned form's orientation and resize it to its original size.

Currently, there is only one type of registration mark that has been defined for use with scanned forms (more are to be added later). The valid registration mark is a T-shaped figure as shown in the following figure. It is a "T" rotated by 90 degrees counter clockwise. The P4 point must be on the center point of Line P1P2 (that is, the distance from P1 to P4 equals the distance from P2 to P4). The line width should be greater than 2 pixels(preferably 3 pixels). There are no conditions on line lengths since you provide the values for SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData.Width, SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData.Height, SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData.MaximumScale, and SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData.MinimumScale. Use the IsRegistration method to ensure the selected mark is a valid registration mark.

Currently, to be used with the registration marks methods, a document image must consist of white objects on a black background.

To use the registration methods, begin with creating the reference document that contains the registration marks in the exact positions on the form that will be used for scanning. The registration marks should be placed in different areas of the form far enough apart on the form that good triangulation can be performed - but not where they would not always appear on the form in their entirety when the form is scanned. The registration methods are designed to use three designated registration marks as reference points. A sample reference form (reduced in size) is shown in the following figure:

After creating the reference document, scan it to obtain a document image. The reference document must be scanned in perfectly: any documents using the reference document for registration will be transformed to match its size, shifting, and rotation exactly.

The registration methods work by finding the (X, Y) positions of three labeled points and comparing them with the positions of these points on the scanned image. With that information it is possible to determine the shifting, rotation and scaling of the scanned image (5 equations with 5 unknowns). The unknowns are:

Shifting along the X-axis
Shifting along the Y-axis
Scaling on the X-axis
Scaling on the Y-axis
Rotation angle

On the example form, registration marks have been placed in five locations on the form. Three of these marks are to be selected and the other two ignored (the registration methods use the three locations on the form in order to solve the equations). Select three registration marks.

For each registration mark, designate the searching area for that mark, and specify the maximum allowable shift, rotation and scaling. Each searching area should contain only one registration mark and it is preferable that the mark be located in an otherwise blank portion of the form. This information is designated using the SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData class and contains the following information:

Member	Value
Type	TShape
Width	Registration mark's width, in pixels.
Height	Registration mark's height, in pixels.
MinimumScale	Minimum registration mark percentage scaling to be detected.(for example, 90,85, or 75 …etc.)
MaximumScale	Maximum registration mark percentage scaling to be detected. (for example, 110,120, or 125 …etc.)
Rectangle	Rectangular area to be searched for registration marks. Note that if you select too small of a search area, you run the risk the mark will not be detected because of shift, rotation or scaling. However, the larger the area, the more time that is consumed in the search.
SearchMarkCount	Number of expected registration marks inside the search area. Set this to 1. (Since there must be one registration mark inside each area.)
MarkDetectedPoints	This will be updated by the SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData class.
MarkDetectedCount	Number of detected marks. Set this to 0. This will be updated by the SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData class.

With this information you can use the GetRegistrationMarksCenterMass to compute the center of mass for each of these marks. Save these points to an array.

Now you can scan forms and correct their orientation and size. The following figure below shows a sample scanned form (reduced in size) with noticeable skew:

The next step is to search for the registration marks in the scanned image. Use the SearchRegistrationMarksCommand class method on the scanned image to find the registration marks. If all of the registration marks were detected (the MarkDetectedCount property in each SearchRegistrationMarksCommandData class equals 1), then use the Leadtools.ImageProcessing.Core.CoreUtilities.GetRegistrationMarksCenterMass to compute the center of mass for each registration mark, and save those to an array of points.

The next step is to determine the shifting, scaling and rotation necessary to re-orient the scanned image. To do this, pass the array of reference points as well as the array of transformed points to the Leadtools.ImageProcessing.Core.CoreUtilities.GetTransformationParameters

To re-orient and resize the scanned image so it is like the reference image, use the values from the GetTransformationParameters in the ApplyTransformationParametersCommand class. This is equivalent to shifting the image using the CombineCommand class, rotating the image using the RotateCommand (without resizing), and scaling the image using either the SizeCommand or the ResizeCommand (Note: It is important to do the operations in this order. You will get an incorrect result if you change the order.) The following figure (reduced in size) shows the scanned form after it has been re-oriented and re-sized: